Figured bass:
Figured bass is a bass line in a piece of music is written out has note form with numbers written underneath to show where to harmonise. It was invented During the baroque period(About 1600-1750). In those days composers only wrote out a melody and a bass line. The melody was played or sung by a soloist! And the bass line was usually played On a keyboard instrument. Such as the harpsichord or organ.
Ground bass:
The ground bass is a bass line that never changes throughout a piece of music.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hOA-2hl1Vbc&feature=youtube_gdata_player
Continuo:
The part that is played by a harpsichord.
Concerto grosso:
The concerto grosso is a form of baroque music in which the musical material is passed between a small group of soloists and full orchestra.
String quartet:
2 violins, viola, cello
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hOA-2hl1Vbc
Vivaldi:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TZCfydWF48c&feature=fvst
Purcell:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k-WyxbwU82A
Bach:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fo0K_n3VLG4